Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder characterized by manic (or hypomanic) episodes—periods of elevated mood, high energy, or irritability—and depressive episodes with low mood, fatigue, and hopelessness. The shifts in mood can be dramatic and disruptive to daily functioning.
Key Points:
- Types:
- Bipolar I: At least one full manic episode (possibly with major depressive episodes).
- Bipolar II: At least one hypomanic (less severe mania) and one major depressive episode.
- Cyclothymic Disorder: Milder symptoms cycling over a longer period.
- Symptoms of Mania: Decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, impulsive behavior, inflated self-esteem.
- Management: Combination of mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium), anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments.
