Lithium is a mood-stabilizing medication commonly used to treat bipolar disorder and, less frequently, certain forms of depression. It can help reduce the severity and frequency of manic or depressive episodes.
Key Points:
- Mechanism of Action: Not fully understood, but believed to influence neurotransmitter balance, second messenger systems, and neuroprotective factors.
- Therapeutic Window: Requires regular blood tests to ensure levels remain therapeutic without becoming toxic.
- Side Effects: May include tremors, thirst, increased urination, weight gain, and, at higher levels, serious toxicity affecting the nervous system and kidneys.
- Long-Term Efficacy: One of the most studied and reliable treatments for bipolar disorder, with evidence suggesting it reduces suicide risk.
