Behavior Therapy is a broad term for types of therapeutic approaches that focus on modifying observable behaviors, rather than delving deeply into unconscious processes. Rooted in learning theory (classical and operant conditioning), Behavior Therapy aims to identify and change potentially self-destructive or maladaptive behaviors through systematic techniques.
Key Points:
- Foundations: Built on the work of behaviorists such as B.F. Skinner (operant conditioning) and Ivan Pavlov (classical conditioning).
- Techniques:
- Systematic Desensitization: Gradual exposure to feared stimuli combined with relaxation.
- Positive/Negative Reinforcement: Encouraging desired behaviors and reducing unwanted ones.
- Modeling: Demonstrating desired behaviors for clients to observe and imitate.
- Applications: Effective for phobias, anxiety disorders, ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, and certain habits (e.g., smoking cessation).
- Variants: Today, Behavior Therapy often merges with cognitive components in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
