Dysthymia—currently referred to in the DSM-5 as Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)—is a chronic form of depression characterized by a consistently low mood that lasts for at least two years in adults (one year in children/adolescents).
Key Points:
- Symptoms: Feelings of sadness or emptiness, low self-esteem, hopelessness, fatigue, and difficulty enjoying daily activities. While milder than major depression, it’s longer in duration.
- Daily Impact: Individuals might still function in daily life, but often feel a persistent gloom or lack of enthusiasm.
- Double Depression: It’s possible to experience both dysthymia and episodes of major depression at the same time.
- Management: A combination of psychotherapy (CBT, interpersonal therapy), antidepressants, and consistent lifestyle routines (sleep, exercise, social connections).
