Orphanhood in a mental health context refers to the emotional and psychological challenges experienced by children who…
Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness directed toward authority figures….
Operant Conditioning is a learning process described by B.F. Skinner, where behaviors are shaped and maintained by…
Occupational Therapy (OT) is a health profession aimed at enabling individuals to participate in meaningful daily activities…
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is an anxiety-related condition characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental…
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury refers to self-inflicted harm (e.g., cutting, burning) carried out without the intention to die. Instead,…
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter involved in the body’s fight-or-flight response. In the…
Nonverbal Learning Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in spatial, visual-motor, and social skills. Individuals…
Nightmare Disorder involves recurrent, distressing dreams that are vividly recalled and often center around threats to one’s…
Night Terrors (Sleep Terrors) are intense episodes of fear during sleep, often accompanied by screaming, sweating, and…